Principle of molecular diagnostics

Molecular diagnostics work by detecting the presence or changes in biomarkers (such as DNA, RNA, proteins) to diagnose diseases. First, the target biomarkers are extracted from patient samples (such as blood, saliva). Then, specific sequences or structures in the biomarkers are detected through techniques such as PCR amplification, gene sequencing, and protein analysis. These tests usually require specific kits and instruments.
Common techniques in molecular diagnostics include polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and gene sequencing. These techniques allow for rapid detection of pathogens (such as viruses and bacteria), pathogenic gene mutations, or abnormal protein expression, helping doctors accurately diagnose diseases.
It is worth noting that the continuous innovation and advancement of molecular diagnostic technologies have led to faster and more accurate diagnoses, playing a key role in early disease screening and treatment. Moreover, molecular diagnostics can also achieve personalized treatment based on the patient's genetic background and disease characteristics, improving treatment efficacy and prognosis.
In summary, molecular diagnostic techniques work by detecting changes in biomarkers, providing more precise and rapid methods for clinical diagnosis and promoting early disease detection and treatment.